The Fourth Board of Appeal of the European Union Intellectual Property Office (“EUIPO”) in the case of Rituals International Trademarks B.V. v Zheni Aleksieva confirmed that retail trade relating to ...

The Harmonized System (HS) is used by virtually all countries to determine the duty/taxes and admissibility of imported goods. Because the classification of goods under the HS is a legal determination ...

The scope of trademark applications is crucial when it comes to protection and enforcement. Consequently, accurately analysing, identifying and classifying the goods and services designed to be ...

The authority held that an advance ruling cannot be issued when the same classification issue is already pending before ...