One of the great successes of 20th-century physics was the quantum mechanical description of solids. This allowed scientists ...

Solvated electrons (electrons trapped in water, liquid ammonia, alcohols, amines and other polar liquids) are one of the simplest but most important reactive species in chemistry and biology 1.

Batteries are so ubiquitous today that they're almost invisible to us. Yet they are a remarkable invention with a long and storied history, and an equally exciting future. A battery is essentially a ...

The distribution of outermost shell electrons, known as valence electrons, of organic molecules was observed for the first time. As the interactions between atoms are governed by the valence electrons ...

Figure 1: Schematic of ICD of an inner-valence vacancy in a hydrogen-bonded network of water molecules. Figure 3: Coincidence spectrum of primary and secondary electrons produced by ionization of ...

Note: This video is designed to help the teacher better understand the lesson and is NOT intended to be shown to students. It includes observations and conclusions that students are meant to make on ...

Note: This video is designed to help the teacher better understand the lesson and is NOT intended to be shown to students. It includes observations and conclusions that students are meant to make on ...

Standoffish electrons typically keep one another at arm’s length, repelling their neighbors. But surprisingly, under certain circumstances, this repulsion can cause pairs of electrons to soften their ...

It is hard to coax electrons to form a crystal, and even harder to measure this structure. But physicists have now managed to directly image a “Wigner crystal” – and their images are the clearest ones ...