Training Non-Oncologist Healthcare Providers to Manage Oral Endocrine Therapy for Breast Cancer The immune system of living being has evolved via the action of immune defense mechanism by utilizing ...

Innate immune sensors—known as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)—detect specific molecular components of bacterial or ...

Scavenger receptors (SRs) comprise a heterogeneous family of proteins that play a pivotal role in the innate immune response. By recognising and binding a diverse array of ligands—from modified ...

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) constitute a critical family of proteins that detect conserved microbial structures, known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), to rapidly initiate the innate ...

The farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a bile acid receptor, plays a direct role regulating innate immune cells in the gut, and treating mice with an FXR agonist improved symptoms of inflammatory bowel ...

When a transplanted organ arrives, it’s like a controlled burn that risks becoming a wildfire. The body’s innate immune system senses damage signals, like heat shock proteins (HSP70), and sounds the ...

Immunologists have identified an important intermediate step in innate immune defense. If bacteria enter the body, it often takes just a few minutes for the innate immune system to recognise them as ...

Innate Immunity is a nonspecific host defense mechanism against foreign antigens. It is the first line of defense in a host and occurs immediately or within hours after exposure. This type of immunity ...

Filoviruses are negative-sense and single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses. The most well-known human-infecting filoviruses are marburgviruses and ebolaviruses. Infection can result in ...