A cable running upstairs to a desktop from the router is only carrying 100Mb/s Full Duplex, even when both endpoints are gigabit. When tested with a cable tester, wire 4 is blank and does not connect.
The physical layer is often at fault ...
Microcontroller-based circuits for testing cables, sometimes in conjunction with a PC, are easy to use and very flexible. For the hobbyist, however, the complication of such devices is not justified.