Impedance mismatches in a radio-frequency (RF) electrical transmission line cause power loss and reflected energy. Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is a way to measure transmission line ...

These circles form the constant reflection coefficient circles and are concentric radiating out from the center of the chart. Although not strictly correct, these circles can also be thought of as ...

A transmission line is has a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms and a terminating resistance of 100 ohms. What is the reflection coefficient? What is the voltage standing waveform ratio?

Building a successful microwave test system requires the use of many different components to control signal flow, signal level, and signal integrity. The design engineer must consider the impact of ...