The odyssey for ground-fault protection (GFP) of marine equipment began with the addition of Sec. 555.3 in the 2011 NEC. This section called for “ground-fault protection” on the main overcurrent ...

Although new to the NEC, AFCIs are important for protecting against arc faults. Unsafe arc faults can occur as series or parallel arcs. A series arc can occur when the conductor in series with the ...

Key Takeaways Upgrading your electrical panel prepares your home for modern appliances and reduces fire hazards. Installing Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCIs) in wet areas prevents ...

You might think that with all our modern technology and safety awareness, homes would have safe electrical systems by now.

A friend who was buying an older house was concerned about electrical safety and asked for my opinion as an electrical engineer. All of the AC receptacles (also called outlets) in the house were the ...

Power systems today operate in an environment where reliability and safety must be maintained despite rising loads, expanding ...

Complex grids depend on equipment such as transformers, protection relays, switchgear, and cables—each of which can develop faults not immediately visible during normal operation. As a result, ...

Understanding the advantages, limitations, and use cases of each technology helps engineers create reliable consumer products.

Electrical standards for PV systems: In part one of this series we looked at the background and scope of the U.S. National Electrical Code (NEC). We continued with a survey of 2011 NEC coverage of ...