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Protocol revenue expanded roughly 27 times during 2025. The network captured about 62 percent of total layer-2 revenue by year-end. Annualized protocol fees reached approximately $75 million.

The technology provides secure remote access to a broad spectrum of applications and network resources Application-layer VPNs are generating lots of attention these days. Proponents cite the ...

The idea of a layer comes from two worlds, each of which uses a layered approach in a distinct manner: the world of money, and the world of networks. In this article we will briefly explore both ...

In the WAN, where the optical transport network plays a key role, SDN is now beginning to emerge as a new technology tool that offers the promise of managing However, despite the potential usefulness ...

According to the OSI Model, the session layer is where connections are established, managed, and torn down. For connection-oriented network protocols, understanding how the session layer works, and ...