Introduction to ciphers and substitution. Alice and Bob and Carl and Julius: terminology and Caesar Cipher ; The key to the matter: generalizing the Caesar Cipher ; Multiplicative ciphers ; Affine ...

Microsoft is killing off an obsolete and vulnerable encryption cipher that Windows has supported by default for 26 years following more than a decade of devastating hacks that exploited it and ...

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RC4 has been exploited in high-profile attacks across enterprise Windows networks Kerberoasting exploits weaknesses in Active Directory, allowing attackers to perform offline password cracking ...

When the IBM PC was new, I served as the president of the San Francisco PC User Group for three years. That’s how I met PCMag’s editorial team, who brought me on board in 1986. In the years since that ...

Using a VPN, or virtual private network, is one of the best ways to protect your online privacy. We review dozens every year, and these are the top VPNs we've tested. I’ve been writing about ...

Investopedia contributors come from a range of backgrounds, and over 25 years there have been thousands of expert writers and editors who have contributed. Dr. JeFreda R. Brown is a financial ...

Northwestern’s portal for financial functions. Use CAESAR to see financial awards, view and pay bills online, update your profile and manage your account.